The world may be facing an antibiotic shortage, and the supply chain that provides some key ingredients could be on the verge of collapse, a report released Thursday cautions.
There are only a very limited number of manufacturers for the key active ingredients in many antibiotics.
Already, one form of penicillin is unavailable in 30 countries, including the US, Australia, Germany and Canada – and it has been since 2015.
Shortages and supply chain breakdowns could quickly spiral into outbreaks of disease that were once easily treatable and antibiotic resistance, a new Access to Medicine Foundation report warns.
A new report released Thursday warns that a dire antibiotic shortage may be just over the horizon as supply chains with narrow bases for key drug ingredients approach collapse
Shortages of some of these life-saving antibiotics are already putting growing numbers of patients at risk and fueling the evolution of ‘superbugs’ that do not respond to modern medicines.
The non-profit Access to Medicine Foundation (AMF) said there is an emerging crisis in the global anti-infectives market as these fragile supply chains approach collapse.
The result is shortages of products like piperacillin-tazobactam, an antibiotic combination used intravenously in intensive care, which has been in tight supply since a 2016 explosion at a Chinese pharmaceutical ingredients factory.
Another antibiotic, benzathine penicillin G (BPG), faces shortages in at least 39 countries, including Germany and Brazil.
BPG is a key drug for preventing transmission of syphilis from mother to child and the shortage frustrated Brazil’s efforts to bring a disease outbreak under control between 2012 and 2015. BPG is also used to fight rheumatic heart disease.
In absence of the right drugs, patients may take less effective or poor quality medicines that increase the risk of antimicrobial resistance developing.
‘Things are getting worse because the market is not fixing the problem, despite the expansion in the need for such specialist antibiotics,’ said AMF executive director Jayasree Iyer.
Global demand for antibiotics has grown by two-thirds since 2000, driven by population growth and the need for medicines to fight infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries.
Most antibiotics are cheap, off-patent generic medicines, which is good for affordability. But that also means they have very low profit margins – particularly compared to modern drugs for diseases like cancer – offering manufacturers little incentive to invest in new production facilities.
The rise in shortages has gone hand in hand with a wave of consolidation among the companies making generic drugs – which range from global pharmaceutical giants to smaller firms in countries such as India – reducing the number of suppliers making individual product lines.
Sporadic drug shortages are not unique to antibiotics. Recently, for example, there has been a worldwide shortage of Mylan’s market-leading EpiPen emergency allergy device.
But antibiotic shortages can have especially dire consequences, since doctors have to resort to sub-optimal treatments that are less efficient at killing specific pathogens, leading to the rise of resistant bacteria or so-called superbugs.
An estimated 70 percent of bacteria are already resistant to at least one antibiotic that is commonly used to treat them, making the evolution of such superbugs one of the biggest threats facing medicine today.