Researchers at The Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations Committee on Endocrine Gynecology looked into the following theories for boosting chances of pregnancy:
1. Women are more fertile as they get older – MYTH
Although a woman may feel healthy in her 40s, her fertility will not be in the same condition it was in her 30s, the Brazilian researchers said.
They said the evidence of age hampering fertility is not unanimous. But data shows that aged between 25 and 27 attempting to get pregnant across 12 cycles have a success rate of around 80 per cent.
In contrast, the figure is closer to the 50 per cent mark for those aged between 40 and 45.
This is according two studies, one in 2017 led by Boston University School of Public Health, published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and another led by Princeton University in 1986, published in Science.
2. Men are less fertile as they age – TRUE
The effect of a man’s age on reproduction is less clear, the researchers said – scientists are trying to get to the bottom of the topic.
However, the Brazilian team said there are ‘clear indications’ that older fathers have sperm of a lower quality. That’s on the back of two 2018 studies, one of which was led by the University of Campinas, published in Fertility and Sterility.
Studies have indicated men under the age of 25 are most fertile and, among these men, 95 per cent of their sperm has no DNA damage – a figure which falls to 80 per cent by the age of 35.
This was highlighted in a comprehensive review by the Center for Reproductive Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, published in the journal Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology in 2015.
3. Women have a ‘fertile window’ – TRUE
The authors said, although not impossible, chances of conception are very low outside the ‘fertility window’.
They said the best chance of pregnancy is six days before ovulation day, according to a 2002 study by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Ovulation day falls two weeks before a bleed.
The team said having sex in the hope of getting pregnant even a day beyond that day is futile.
4. Lubricants kill sperm – TRUE
Lubricants may boost the bedroom antics – but they do nothing for the ability of sperm to swim, the researchers said.
‘Multiple lubricants have been shown in multiple studies to adversely affect sperm motility at a variety of concentrations,’ the authors said.
Sperm start to swim slower after 15 minutes of exposure to lubricants, a 1996 study by researchers at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas showed, the findings published in a now discontinued journal.
Bizarrely, mustard oil seems to work well as a lubricant, as when sperm is exposed to it, it stays hyperactive and its ability to swim isn’t reduced.
That’s according to a State University of New York Upstate Medical University study in 2014, published in Fertility and Stertility.
The Brazilian researchers added that findings such as these suggest that canola, baby or mustard oil should be the preferred choice of lube because they don’t appear to ‘significantly affect sperm motility’.
5. Sex closer to ovulation will conceive a boy – MYTH
A popular belief the Brazilian team often hear is that the gender of a baby is dependent on when it was made during the woman’s cycle.
Sex closer to the ovulation day would increase the chances of having a boy, and sex further away from ovulation day would favour a girl.
But the Brazilian team argue that there is limited and controversial evidence to support this.
They said: ‘There is a small number of studies, most of them performed more than 15 years ago, in small groups of patients, and showing contradictory results.’
6. Diet will boost female fertility – MYTH
A woman may stock up on products deemed ‘fertility boosting’ for the best chance of conceiving.
But the Brazilian team said there isn’t enough evidence to support that diets – vegetarian, low-fat, or supported with herbal supplements, for example – will help.
Even among the most studied nutrients, vitamin D and folic acid, there isn’t enough robust science, the team said.
However, folic acid is important for the development of a healthy baby, and women who are trying to conceive should take it for that reason, the NHS say.
7. Diet will boost male fertility – TRUE
Male’s sperm can be damaged by obesity and poor lifestyle choices, mounting evidence is showing.
Consuming too much alcohol, caffeine, red meat and processed meat, sugar and total dairy products can slash the chances of pregnancy, the authors said, noting studies including one published in the Journal of Endocrinology by The University of Adelaide in 2017.
On the other hand, regular consumption of fish and seafood, poultry, cereals, vegetables and fruits, and low-fat dairy products can improve semen, shown in a group of studies.
8. Smoking affects fertility for men and women – TRUE
Smoking is unhealthy in general, which could impact fertility, according to science.
In women, there is evidence that smoking decreases chances of pregnancy and increases miscarriage rates and an earlier onset of menopause.
For men, smoking could damage semen quality to DNA level, according to several studies including a 2018 study by the University of Hassan II Casablanca, published in Andrologia.