Loud snorers may be three times more likely to develop dementia, scientists have warned.
Sleep apnoea – a common sleep disorder that cuts off oxygen supply and can cause snoring – can kill brain cells.
Australian researchers are now launching the first study of its kind to discover if treating the condition can prevent dementia.
Professor Elizabeth Coulson, of the Queensland Brain Institute at the University of Queensland, said: ‘Treating sleep apnoea may reduce dementia risk.
‘People who suffer from sleep apnoea are two to three times more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease.
Sleep apnoea – a common sleep disorder that cuts off oxygen supply and can cause snoring – can kill brain cells
‘This could be because hypoxia – lower levels of oxygen in the blood from poor breathing – causes nerve cell death.’
Sleep apnoea is the most common sleep disorder, affecting about 1.5 million people in Britain and more than 22 million in the US.
The condition is caused when the muscles and soft tissue in the throat relax, causing a blockage of the airways.
It interferes with breathing, often stopping it altogether for short periods many times a night leading to lack of oxygen, restless sleep and heavy snoring.
Twice more common in men than women, it can begin at any time, including childhood. Many sufferers are unaware they have it.
It can be treated by wearing a mask in bed, called a Continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP), that blows air into the back of the throat.
And now Professor Coulson and colleagues are enrolling sleep apnoea patients aged 55 to 75 to see if wearing the mask can stop, or slow, brain damage.
The team have already found inadequate oxygen levels during sleep can harm neurons and raise the risk of developing Alzheimer’s – which slowly kills brain cells.
Professor Coulson explained people sleep apnoea results in lower levels of oxygen in the blood, known medically as hypoxia. This can triple the risk of Alzheimer’s.
The researchers have been investigating the mechanisms by which this occurs, finding hypoxia leads to the degeneration of an area of the brain important for attention and learning.
CPAP consists of a plastic mask that fits over the nose and mouth and is connected to a machine that blows air under low pressure continually into the throat.
Professor Coulson said this keeps the airway open, helps maintain correct oxygen levels and, ultimately allows for a better quality sleep.
The response is immediate and obvious after only a few hours or one night.
She said: ‘The next stage of our research involves following patients with sleep apnoea over an extended period of time to determine whether CPAP protects against cognitive decline.’
Sleep apnoea is a serious condition which can lead to other problems such as high blood pressure, which in turn can lead to strokes and heart attacks.
Professor Pankaj Sah, director of the Queensland Brain Institute, said the research could lead to initiating early intervention in patients.
He added: ‘Sleep disturbances can occur up to 10 years prior to Alzheimer’s disease.
‘Considering that Alzheimer’s affects roughly one third of the elderly population, this important research may inform preventative public health measures in the future.’
Sleep apnoea causes excessive sleepiness and tiredness during the day so that people often fall asleep at work, during meals or even standing up. In drivers or people working with heavy machinery, the dangers are clear.
There is good evidence to show that the incidence of road accidents is high in individuals with the condition.
It also means that people become depressed or bad tempered and lacking in concentration, disrupting their social lives and relationships.
Dementia affects more than 850,000 people in the UK – a figure expected to triple by 2050. And in the US, more than five million are affected.
WHAT IS DEMENTIA? THE KILLER DISEASE THAT ROBS SUFFERERS OF THEIR MEMORIES
Dementia is an umbrella term used to describe a range of neurological disorders
A GLOBAL CONCERN
Dementia is an umbrella term used to describe a range of progressive neurological disorders, that is, conditions affecting the brain.
There are many different types of dementia, of which Alzheimer’s disease is the most common.
Some people may have a combination of types of dementia.
Regardless of which type is diagnosed, each person will experience their dementia in their own unique way.
Dementia is a global concern but it is most often seen in wealthier countries, where people are likely to live into very old age.
HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE AFFECTED?
The Alzheimer’s Society reports there are more than 850,000 people living with dementia in the UK today.
It is estimated that the number of people living with dementia in the UK by 2025 will rise to over 1 million.
In the US, it’s estimated there are 5.5 million sufferers. A similar percentage rise is expected in the coming years.
As a person’s age increases, so does the risk of them developing dementia.
Rates of diagnosis are improving but many people with dementia are thought to still be undiagnosed.
IS THERE A CURE?
Currently there is no cure for dementia.
But new drugs can slow down its progression and the earlier it is spotted the more effective treatments are.
Source: Dementia UK