CDC director says no evidence more infectious Delta variant impacts effectiveness of Covid vaccines

The director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says there is no evidence a new sublineage of the highly contagious Delta variant is impacting the effectiveness of Covid vaccines or treatments.

In a press briefing on Wednesday, Dr Rochelle Walensky addressed the AY.4.2 subvariant, which currently makes up nearly 10 percent of all infections in the UK.

It is far less prevalent in the U.S. with just seven cases identified across four states and the District of Columbia.    

‘At this time, there is no evidence that the sublineage AY.4.2 impacts the effectiveness of our current vaccines or therapeutics,’ Walensky said.

 

CDC director Dr Rochelle Walensky said on Wednesday (above) there is no evidence that the new Delta sublineage AY.4.2 is impairing the effectiveness of vaccines or treatments

She added there have been no clusters identified in the U.S. with just seven cases detected in California, North Carolina, Oregon, Washington state and Washington, DC (above) 

According to outbreak.info, AY.4.2, appears to have derived from the Delta AY.4 sub-variant, which itself comes from the original Delta variant.

It is unknown where the sublineage originated, but it has been circulating in the UK since June before increasing in prevalence.

In mid-September AY.4.2 was linked to four percent of cases in Britain. It has more than doubled in the span of a month and is now linked to 10 percent of cases.  

It may be why cases and deaths in the UK are now on the rise after weeks of declines.

On Tuesday, 43,738 new infections of COVID-19 were recorded, a 13.5 percent increase from the the 38,520 seen last week.

Additionally, 233 virus-related deaths were reported, up 23.2 percent from the 181 recorded last Tuesday.

The figure is the highest number of fatalities recorded since March 9, when 231 people died from the virus.  

AY.4.2 has been circulating in the UK since June and it has since increased in prevalence, making up nearly 10% of all Covid infections in the UK (yellow), double the 4% it accounted for in mid-September

In a tweet thread on Friday, Dr Francois Balloux, director of the University College London Genetics Institute, wrote that AY.4.2 is mostly seen in the UK and ‘remains exceptionally rare anywhere else.’

In fact, in the U.S., just seven cases have been detected in California, North Carolina, Oregon, Washington state and Washington, DC.

‘There are new variants that continue to emerge as cases continue to spread, and in particular, the AY.4.2 variant has drawn some attention in recent days,’ Walensky said during the briefing.

‘…We have on occasion identified this sublineage here in the United States, but not with recent increased frequency or clustering to date.’

This map shows the proportion of cases caused by AY.4.2 in the fortnight to October 9, with darker colors equating to more infections caused by the subvariant

On Tuesday,  Dr Gregory Poland, a vaccinologist and professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, said the U.S. needs to track the spread of AY.4.2 in the UK because, over the course of the pandemic, what occurs in the UK usually appears three to four weeks later in America.

‘We do need to keep a close eye,’ he told DailyMail.com.

‘Lots of variants arrive every day. The question is are they clinically relevant, meaning do they cause more severe disease, is there an evasion of immunity, are they more transmissible?

‘Those are things we are concerned about.’

AY.4.2 does not appear to be overtaking the Delta variant as quickly as the Delta variant usurped Alpha.

What’s more, the two mutations seen with this strain – Y145H and A222V – are not seen in other so-called ‘variants of concern’ and are not generally associated with immunity evasion, increased ability to spread or being able to cause more severe cases, according to Balloux.

Poland says the real test of whether or not to be concerned about this mutation is if AY.4.2 can outstrip the Delta variant.

‘It has to compete with Delta and that is very hard to outcompete Delta,’ he said.

‘We should keep an eye on it, but we shouldn’t be concerned until we see signs that it’s outcompeting Delta.’

On Tuesday, 43,738 new infections of COVID-19 were recorded, a 13.5% increase from the the 38,520 seen last week.

COVID-19 cases continue to fall in the U.S. to the lowest levels seen since February

As of Tuesday, AY.4.2 has been spotted in nearly every part of England.

Data from the Wellcome Sanger Institute, which sequences thousands of Covid samples in England every week, suggest it is most prevalent in Adur in West Sussex, with 61 percent of all positive samples sequenced in the area linked to AY.4.2.

The subvariant is also highly prevalent in East Lindsey at 46 percent and Torridge at 41 percent.

Poland applauded the UK for its efforts in tracking the variant and said the U.S. needs to do better in its tracking efforts.

‘The UK has been absolutely brilliant in collecting samples and performing genome sequencing, far better than in the U.S.,’ he said.

‘That’s why they were able to detect the prevalence of this sublineage.’

Q&A: How much more infectious is AY.4.2? Is it deadlier? And where has it been spotted?

How much more infectious is AY.4.2? 

Experts estimate the newly-emerged AY.4.2 subvariant is 10 to 15 percent more transmissible than its ancestor. 

Its prevalence in England doubled in a month from being behind four percent of cases in September to 8.9 percent in the two weeks to October 9.

But experts will need to keep monitoring the sub-lineage to determine if it really is more infectious.

Is AY.4.2 deadlier than earlier versions of Delta?

There is no evidence AY.4.2 is deadlier than earlier versions of the Delta strain, which was first identified in India last September.

Deaths in England have been relatively flat for months. 

Due to the time it takes for someone to catch the virus and become seriously unwell, any impact the subvariant has on deaths will likely not be clear for weeks.

What mutations does it have? 

It includes two mutations – called Y145H and A222V – and is being monitored.

Both of these spike mutations have been found in other virus lineages since the pandemic began – but are not present on any current variant of concern. 

Where has AY.4.2 been spotted?

The subvariant has been spotted in nearly every part of England. 

Data from the Wellcome Sanger Institute, which sequences thousands of Covid samples in England every week, suggest the sub-lineage is most prevalent in Adur, where 61 percent of all positive samples sequenced were linked with AY.4.2.

The subvariant also seems to be highly prevalent in East Lindsey (46 per cent) and Torridge (41 per cent).

In thee U.S., seven cases have been detected in California, North Carolina, Oregon, Washington state, Washington, DC.

Is it behind the surge in cases?

Some experts have said the subvariant may be behind the surge in cases in the UK, which other European countries are not seeing to the same extent.

But Dr Jeffrey Barrett, director of the Covid Genomics Initiative at the Sanger Institute, said AY.4.2 alone does not explain the the UK’s caseload, which is instead linked to the UK imposing less restrictions than other countries. 

And as AY.4.2 is still at fairly low frequency, a 10 per cent increase its transmissibility would have only triggered a small number of extra cases. 

Official figures have shown cases are also being fuelled by youngsters returning to classrooms last month, with as many as one in 12 being infected.

Read more at DailyMail.co.uk