China has successfully launched its Tianwen-1 spacecraft to Mars, which is due to arrive on the Red Planet next February after a seven-month, 34-million-mile voyage.
The unmanned space probe took off on the Long March 5 Y-4 carrier rocket at 12:41 pm (04:41 GMT) from Wenchang Space Launch Centre on the southern island province of Hainan.
The craft, which which consists of an orbiter, lander and rover, measures just over six feet in height (1.85m) and weighs 530 pounds (240kg).
It will survey the composition, types of substance, geological structure and meteorological environment of the Martian surface.
The launch comes three days after the UAE launched its own Mars mission and a week before NASA’s scheduled launch of the Perseverance rover.
The countries are taking advantage of a period when Earth and Mars are favourably aligned for a short journey, with the US spacecraft due to lift off on July 30.
The Chinese mission is named Tianwen-1 (‘Questions to Heaven’) – a nod to a classical poem that has verses about the cosmos.
Engineers and other employees cheered at the launch site on the southern island of Hainan as it lifted off into blue sky aboard a Long March 5 – China’s biggest space rocket.
Site commander Zhang Xueyu declared the mission a success on state broadcaster CCTV.
China’s largest carrier rocket, the Long March 5, blasted off with the Tianwen-1 probe at 12:41 pm local time (0441 GMT) from Wenchang Space Launch Centre on the southern island of Hainan
China’s mission includes a Mars orbiter, that will carry the lander and rover until release, a lander, that will parachute down the the surface carrying the rover, and a rover that will study the planet’s soil and atmosphere for signs of life
The mission includes a Mars orbiter, a lander and a rover that will study the planet’s soil.
‘As a first try for China, I don’t expect it to do anything significant beyond what the US has already done,’ said Jonathan McDowell, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
It is a crowded field. The United Arab Emirates launched a probe on Monday that will orbit Mars once it reaches the Red Planet.
But the race to watch is between the United States and China, which has worked furiously to try and match Washington’s supremacy in space.
NASA, the American space agency, has already sent four rovers to Mars since the late 1990s.
The next one, Perseverance, is an SUV-sized vehicle that will look for signs of ancient microbial life, and gather rock and soil samples with the goal of bringing them back to Earth on another mission in 2031.
Tianwen-1 is ‘broadly comparable to Viking in its scope and ambition’, said McDowell, referring to NASA’s Mars landing missions in 1975-1976.
After watching the United States and the Soviet Union lead the way during the Cold War, China has poured billions of dollars into its military-led space programme.
Tianwen-1 is China’s first independent mission to another planet, a bid for global leadership in space and a display of its technological prowess and ambition
‘China joining (the Mars race) will change the situation dominated by the US for half a century,’ said Chen Lan, an independent analyst at GoTaikonauts.com, which specialises in China’s space programme.
China has made huge strides in the past decade, sending a human into space in 2003.
The Asian powerhouse has laid the groundwork to assemble a space station by 2022 and gain a permanent foothold in Earth orbit.
China has already sent two rovers to the Moon. With the second, China became the first country to make a successful soft landing on the far side.
The Moon missions gave China experience in operating spacecraft beyond Earth orbit, but Mars is another story.
The much greater distance means ‘a bigger light travel time, so you have to do things more slowly as the radio signal round trip time is large,’ said McDowell.
It also means ‘you need a more sensitive ground station on Earth because the signals will be much fainter,’ he added, noting that there is a greater risk of failure.
If successful, the Tianwen-1, or ‘Questions to Heaven’, which is the name of a poem written two millennia ago, will make China the first country to orbit, land and deploy a rover in its inaugural mission
China has upgraded its monitoring stations in the far-western Xinjiang region and northeastern Heilongjiang province to meet the Mars mission requirements, state news agency Xinhua reported last week.
The majority of the dozens of missions sent by the US, Russia, Europe, Japan and India to Mars since 1960 ended in failure.
Tianwen-1 is not China’s first attempt to go to Mars.
A previous mission with Russia in 2011 ended prematurely as the launch failed.
Now, Beijing is trying on its own.
‘As long as (Tianwen) safely lands on the Martian surface and sends back the first image, the mission will… be a big success,’ Chen said.