Top tourist destinations in Egypt are blighted by animal abuse, with horses and camels starved, beaten and left to die in squalor, an investigation has uncovered.
MailOnline has seen exclusive footage revealing the extent of cruelty inflicted upon animals by guides offering visitors tours of historic sites, documented in harrowing detail by animal rights group PETA.
Investigators said they found the bodies of animals dumped behind the great Pyramids of Giza on a daily basis, with horses and camels worked to the bone in miserable conditions.
Horrific footage showed euthanised animals, broken by long hours in 35C heat, left out to rot as crows and stray dogs pick at their carcasses. Some – starved to the bone and exhausted – are visibly still breathing, but too weak to get up.
More than 14 million people visit the Pyramids of Giza every year, bringing trade and tourism to Cairo. But with this number set to double by 2030, rights groups are calling for tourists to avoid exploitative traps that come at the expense of many lives.
The limp body of a dead horse is seen on a cart on a road where carcasses are left to the birds
A camel with its throat cut lies in its own blood in a public space in Egypt
Crows pick at the carcass of a dead horse left out on the street in Cairo
Horses, malnourished and surrounded by flies, eat from a skip in Cairo
Unsettling video taken in Cairo between 2023 and 2024 showed horses eating rubbish from skips or the ground, not properly looked after by the tour operators
Many appeared thin, struggling to stand on their own and struggling under the weight and heat of thick saddles and blinkered masks.
Ribs protruded from animals with dirty manes and mottled skin, swarmed by flies in undisclosed areas around the city.
Across from them, about a dozen animals lined up to take the next group of tourists around historic sites.
Open wounds attracted midges, causing horses to squirm and writhe in pain with evidence of medicine or treatment.
Those filmed still had saddles on their back, expected to continue working under the strain.
Others twitched as they lay on the ground with ropes embedded in their skin, eyes half shut as they tried to brush off flies with limp gestures.
Bloodied ‘handles’ made from twine appeared to have been poked through the bodies of abused animals for easier control and manipulation.
PETA also documented how horses were whipped while being forced to pull carriages for tourists in Cairo.
Thin horses baring their teeth are seen outside the famous pyramids being beaten as tourists watch on unmoved.
Various draft animals are used to ferry visitors around the historic sites for a fee.
Jason Baker, PETA Senior Vice President, told MailOnline: ‘No decent person would dream of climbing onto a horse or camel if they knew that behind every ride is a disturbingly cruel industry that physically abuses these sensitive animals up until the moment their exhausted bodies give out.’
He said that their investigation had shown how ‘half-starved’ animals at the Giza pyramids are ‘literally worked to death’.
If they collapse first, they are ‘whipped mercilessly to force them to get up and pull carriages or carry tourists’.
‘Most suffer from wounds, mange, and painful scarring and receive no treatment, then when they’re no longer considered useful, they’re dumped like rubbish or dragged to a slaughterhouse, where their throats are slit while they’re fully conscious,’ he assessed.
‘PETA’s shocking findings – and the Egyptian government’s shameful attempt to cover them up – sends a clear message to all tourists: avoid all animal rides like the plague.’
Animals, exhausted and collapsed in the road, are seen with string through their skin
Bystanders are unmoved by a camel left to die on the ground in Cairo
A camel is hit with sticks as men try to load it onto a truck
Another, severely malnourished, struggles to get to its feet as men beat it with sticks
PETA’s investigation showed how camels, suffering from open wounds and infection, were also beaten in front of tourists.
Animals are seen with ropes through their faces and chains around their bodies, with loose skin hanging from bloodied lacerations.
The animal rights group said its investigators had come across dead camels with their throats ‘slashed’.
Footage showed camels limp or dead, some bleeding out, by the sides of roads as bystanders walked past reactionless.
One live animal was left to sit next to the corpse of another slowly bleeding into the street with a large gash in its neck.
Others, thin and weak from malnourishment, were seen being beaten with sticks to get up or dragged into trailers unwillingly on thick ropes.
Camels face a dire existence in Cairo; when no longer deemed useful, many are sold on to slaughterhouses.
Death in these abattoirs is a painful, grisly affair: footage showed live camels fully conscious as other working animals were slain, cut by the neck and left to bleed out on a cold, bare floor.
In an instant, another is approached from the front and slashed. But death takes some time. The animal cries out what it can as it writhes on the floor in pain.
One tries desperately to get up in its last act before collapsing and falling on its side. The chorus of screams continue around the building, bodies twitching for long, painful seconds before going limp.
For many thousands of animals, this will be the only life they know. Tourism contributes some 10-15 per cent of the Egyptian economy, incentivising keen entrepreneurs to cater their businesses to tourists.
But the scale and conditions of such abuse only exist due to lack of enforced regulation and the willingness of tourists to pay for such tours.
Harrowing scenes showed animals dead or dying, lying in squalor in Egypt
A camel cries out in pain as its throat is slit in an abattoir
PETA revealed the lengths some guides will go to to stop the horrifying shadow of their operations coming out in their harrowing exposé.
Video showed how a man organising camel and horse rides called the police on a visitor after he began taking photographs.
Police, along with a representative from the Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism, detained the man for nearly an hour and a half, PETA reported.
They allegedly ‘intimidated’ him, insisting he clear his memory card, before confiscating his camera.
On camera, the man is questioned over his documentation of the abuses.
Someone out of view says: ‘When you take photos coming to the pyramids, you can take photos of the pyramids, of the second… of the sphinx.
‘But it’s not allowed for anybody to take photos of the policemen, of the cart, of the camel, of the horses.’
The man apologises and is told: ‘Whether you are sorry or not, you did something wrong. You broke the law.’
They then tell him they are going to delete all of his photos ‘for the whole visit’ in a disturbing cover-up.
Egypt does have special rules about taking photos of historic sites due to potential damage from flash photography.
But the Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism relaxed more general laws about street photography in 2022 after tourists and influencers complained about officials shutting down their photo opportunities.
Taking photos of children is still not allowed, taking photos of adults requires written consent and taking photos of police or military is generally unadvised.
There is no clear law pertaining to the photography of animals.
The man is seen on camera asking where they are taking him. He is told he will be taken to the Ministry.
Another off camera denies working for the government, claiming to be a tour operator.
Animals dying or dead line the streets, just out of sight from the famed Pyramids of Giza
Horses are beaten with sticks while attached to a cart ferrying tourists around
A working horse is seen still visibly breathing, left out to die with others
Millions travel to Egypt every year to enjoy a rich history today synonymous with the height of culture and civilisation.
But behind the scenes, a sinister reality exists in stark antithesis to the wonders of human brilliance all around.
New footage shows a pressing need for reform and awareness in a country where attempts to expose the truth are often repressed with force.
But until Egypt shows willing to tackle the issue, the industry will be propped up by tourists bringing demand.
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